ROOT DECAY by Dona Fujioka, RDH

Dona is one of our three hygienists. She has been here since 1996.

 

            Have you noticed any discoloration of your teeth along the gumline?  Have you felt any gumline sensitivity?  These are some of  the signs that may tell you that you have a cavity along the gumline.  Caries along the gumline are prevalent with people who have gumline recession.  Recession exposes the root surfaces, which is covered with cementum.  Cementum is more vulnerable to cavities because it has less mineral content and more soluble. Roots have no enamel covering, therefore, making it more susceptible to cavities.

            There are several risk factors for root decay.  One is xerostomia or dry mouth.  Dry mouth causes a higher risk for periodontal disease and cavities.  Normal saliva helps protect our oral health.  Without saliva, the mouth is lacking the natural enzymes that is necessary to help neutralize the pH in the mouth.  Some signs and symptoms of xerostomia are dry burning mouth and throat, difficulty swallowing, and dry, cracking lips.  Dry mouth is a common side effect of taking certain medications and there are over 500 medications with xerogenic side effect.  Another risk factor is root exposure due to loss of gingival tissue attachment from periodontal disease, abrasion due to hard brushing, and recession caused by aging.  The root becomes vulnerable to bacteria and demineralization once the surface of the root is exposed.  Physical limitations is also a risk factor.  Ineffective oral hygiene results in increase plaque accumulation and tartar build-up. 

            Root caries can be prevented through thorough examination and patient assessment.  Through implementation of chemotherapeutic aids, nutritional counseling, oral hygiene instructions and  patient education, risk for root decay can be reduced.  Prescription fluoride paste, in-office fluoride application and remineralizing products that contain calcium phosphate are some of the products recommended to prevent decay. Chewing gum with xylitol (as its main ingredient), saliva substitutes (such as gels or sprays) and sugarless candies are some strategies to help stimulate salivary flow for those experiencing xerostomia.  With all these preventive methods, progression of current root decay, or development of new lesions can be delayed.